What is Device?
Device or element that joins to a pc. Illustrations of device consist of hard drives, picture photo printers, rats or rodents, and places. These particular device drop into the type of add-ons because they are individual from the main pc.
Most device, whether side-line or not, require a program known as a system car owner that functions as a interpretation, changing common purchases from an program into particular purchases that the product is aware of.
READ MORE - What is Device?
Most device, whether side-line or not, require a program known as a system car owner that functions as a interpretation, changing common purchases from an program into particular purchases that the product is aware of.
What Is A DMA
What Is A DMA
DMA, or Direct Memory Access, are pathways provided by the hardware to allow the hardware direct access to the computer's memory. See DMA Listing:
Read: What is input output
READ MORE - What Is A DMA
DMA, or Direct Memory Access, are pathways provided by the hardware to allow the hardware direct access to the computer's memory. See DMA Listing:
| CHANNEL | AVAILABILITY |
| 00 | Available |
| 01 | Sound device |
| 02 | Standard floppy disk controller |
| 03 | Available |
| 04 | Direct memory access controller |
| 05 | Available |
| 06 | Available |
| 07 | Available |
Read: What is input output
What is an Input Output
What is an Input Output
Input Output (I/O) represents the locations in memory that are designated by use of various devices to exchange information amongst themselves and the rest of the PC. See IRQ Listing for a list of IRQs and I/O ranges.
READ MORE - What is an Input Output
Input Output (I/O) represents the locations in memory that are designated by use of various devices to exchange information amongst themselves and the rest of the PC. See IRQ Listing for a list of IRQs and I/O ranges.
What is an IRQ
What is an IRQ?
Short for Interrupt request, IRQ is a signal that has a direct line to the computer processor, allowing it to stop the processor momentarily and decide what to do next.
Every IBM compatible computer has a maximum of 15 IRQs and are prioritized in the computer according to the importance of the device. The below lists the standard IRQ configuration found in modern PC computers. The below IRQs that have the Card Type 8/16-BIT are configurable and possibly removable.
However, all others cannot be removed or shared. When listing the IRQs and encounter IRQs that are doubled, it could possibly indicate an IRQ confliction or that the IRQ is being shared. The exception to this are IRQs 14 and 15.
Read: SDIO
READ MORE - What is an IRQ
Short for Interrupt request, IRQ is a signal that has a direct line to the computer processor, allowing it to stop the processor momentarily and decide what to do next.
Every IBM compatible computer has a maximum of 15 IRQs and are prioritized in the computer according to the importance of the device. The below lists the standard IRQ configuration found in modern PC computers. The below IRQs that have the Card Type 8/16-BIT are configurable and possibly removable.
However, all others cannot be removed or shared. When listing the IRQs and encounter IRQs that are doubled, it could possibly indicate an IRQ confliction or that the IRQ is being shared. The exception to this are IRQs 14 and 15.
| IRQ | DEVICE | I/O PORT | BUS SLOT | CARD TYPE |
| 00 | System Timer | None | NO | NONE |
| 01 | Keyboard | None | NO | NONE |
| 02 | Cascade Controller 2nd PIC | None | NO | NONE |
| 03 | COM 2 and 4 | COM 2: 02F8h (02F8 or 2F8) COM 4: 02E8h (02E8 or 2E8) | YES | 8 or 16-BIT |
| 04 | COM 1 and 3 | COM 1: 03F8h (03F8 or 3F8) COM 3: 03E8h (03E8 or 3E8) | YES | 8 or 16-BIT |
| 05 | Sound Parallel Port 2 | PARALLEL PORT 2: 0278h - 0378h | YES | 8 or 16-BIT |
| 06 | Floppy | 03F0 - 03F5 | YES | 8 or 16-BIT |
| 07 | Parallel Port 1 | 0278h - 0378h | YES | 8 or 16-BIT |
| 08 | Real-time Clock | None | NO | NONE |
| 09 | Redirected IRQ 2 Open Network Available | None | YES | 8 or 16-BIT |
| 10 | Open | None | YES | 8 or 16-BIT |
| 11 | Open SCSI Video | VIDEO: 3B0-3DF | YES | 8 or 16-BIT |
| 12 | Open PS2 | None | YES | 8 or 16-BIT |
| 13 | Coprocessor | None | NO | NONE |
| 14 | Open Primary hard drive (master) Hard Drive Controller | 1ST IDE: 1F0 | YES | 8 or 16-BIT |
| 15 | Open 2nd hard drive (slave) | 2ND IDE: 170 | YES | 8 or 16-BIT |
Read: SDIO
What Is Collective Intelligence?
What Is Collective Intelligence?
The central principle behind the success of the giants born in the Web 1.0 era who have survived to lead the Web 2.0 era appears to be this, that they have embraced the power of the web to harness collective intelligence:
Collective Intelligence: Wikipedia, an online encyclopedia based on the unlikely notion that an entry can be added by any web user, and edited by any other, is a radical experiment in trust, applying Eric Raymond's dictum (originally coined in the context of open source software) that "with enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow," to content creation. Wikipedia is already in the top 100 websites, and many think it will be in the top ten before long. This is a profound change in the dynamics of content creation!
Sites like del.icio.us and Flickr, two companies that have received a great deal of attention of late, have pioneered a concept that some people call "folksonomy" (in contrast to taxonomy), a style of collaborative categorization of sites using freely chosen keywords, often referred to as tags. Tagging allows for the kind of multiple, overlapping associations that the brain itself uses, rather than rigid categories. In the canonical example, a Flickr photo of a puppy might be tagged both "puppy" and "cute"--allowing for retrieval along natural axes generated user activity.
Collective Intelligence: Collaborative spam filtering products like Cloudmark aggregate the individual decisions of email users about what is and is not spam, outperforming systems that rely on analysis of the messages themselves.
It is a truism that the greatest internet success stories don't advertise their products. Their adoption is driven by "viral marketing"--that is, recommendations propagating directly from one user to another. You can almost make the case that if a site or product relies on advertising to get the word out, it isn't Web 2.0.
Even much of the infrastructure of the web--including the Linux, Apache, MySQL, and Perl, PHP, or Python code involved in most web servers--relies on the peer-production methods of open source, in themselves an instance of collective, net-enabled intelligence. There are more than 100,000 open source software projects listed on SourceForge.net. Anyone can add a project, anyone can download and use the code, and new projects migrate from the edges to the center as a result of users putting them to work, an organic software adoption process relying almost entirely on viral marketing.
Read: SDIO
READ MORE - What Is Collective Intelligence?
The central principle behind the success of the giants born in the Web 1.0 era who have survived to lead the Web 2.0 era appears to be this, that they have embraced the power of the web to harness collective intelligence:
- Hyperlinking is the foundation of the web. As users add new content, and new sites, it is bound in to the structure of the web by other users discovering the content and linking to it. Much as synapses form in the brain, with associations becoming stronger through repetition or intensity, the web of connections grows organically as an output of the collective activity of all web users.
- Yahoo!, the first great internet success story, was born as a catalog, or directory of links, an aggregation of the best work of thousands, then millions of web users. While Yahoo! has since moved into the business of creating many types of content, its role as a portal to the collective work of the net's users remains the core of its value.
- Google's breakthrough in search, which quickly made it the undisputed search market leader, was PageRank, a method of using the link structure of the web rather than just the characteristics of documents to provide better search results.
- eBay's product is the collective activity of all its users; like the web itself, eBay grows organically in response to user activity, and the company's role is as an enabler of a context in which that user activity can happen. What's more, eBay's competitive advantage comes almost entirely from the critical mass of buyers and sellers, which makes any new entrant offering similar services significantly less attractive.
- Amazon sells the same products as competitors such as Barnesandnoble.com, and they receive the same product descriptions, cover images, and editorial content from their vendors. But Amazon has made a science of user engagement. They have an order of magnitude more user reviews, invitations to participate in varied ways on virtually every page--and even more importantly, they use user activity to produce better search results. While a Barnesandnoble.com search is likely to lead with the company's own products, or sponsored results, Amazon always leads with "most popular", a real-time computation based not only on sales but other factors that Amazon insiders call the "flow" around products. With an order of magnitude more user participation, it's no surprise that Amazon's sales also outpace competitors.
Collective Intelligence: Wikipedia, an online encyclopedia based on the unlikely notion that an entry can be added by any web user, and edited by any other, is a radical experiment in trust, applying Eric Raymond's dictum (originally coined in the context of open source software) that "with enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow," to content creation. Wikipedia is already in the top 100 websites, and many think it will be in the top ten before long. This is a profound change in the dynamics of content creation!
Sites like del.icio.us and Flickr, two companies that have received a great deal of attention of late, have pioneered a concept that some people call "folksonomy" (in contrast to taxonomy), a style of collaborative categorization of sites using freely chosen keywords, often referred to as tags. Tagging allows for the kind of multiple, overlapping associations that the brain itself uses, rather than rigid categories. In the canonical example, a Flickr photo of a puppy might be tagged both "puppy" and "cute"--allowing for retrieval along natural axes generated user activity.
Collective Intelligence: Collaborative spam filtering products like Cloudmark aggregate the individual decisions of email users about what is and is not spam, outperforming systems that rely on analysis of the messages themselves.
It is a truism that the greatest internet success stories don't advertise their products. Their adoption is driven by "viral marketing"--that is, recommendations propagating directly from one user to another. You can almost make the case that if a site or product relies on advertising to get the word out, it isn't Web 2.0.
Even much of the infrastructure of the web--including the Linux, Apache, MySQL, and Perl, PHP, or Python code involved in most web servers--relies on the peer-production methods of open source, in themselves an instance of collective, net-enabled intelligence. There are more than 100,000 open source software projects listed on SourceForge.net. Anyone can add a project, anyone can download and use the code, and new projects migrate from the edges to the center as a result of users putting them to work, an organic software adoption process relying almost entirely on viral marketing.
Read: SDIO
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